Free Tool
Roman Numeral Converter
Convert between Arabic numbers and Roman numerals instantly — supports 1 to 3,999.
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Roman Numeral Reference
I1
V5
X10
L50
C100
D500
M1,000
How Roman Numerals Work
- Symbols are added left to right: XIII = 10+1+1+1 = 13
- A smaller symbol before a larger one is subtracted: IV = 5−1 = 4, IX = 10−1 = 9
- Subtractive pairs: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), CM (900)
- The largest standard Roman numeral is MMMCMXCIX = 3,999
Where Roman Numerals Are Used Today
- Movie sequels and Super Bowl numbering (e.g. Super Bowl LVIII)
- Clock faces and watch dials
- Copyright years in movie/TV credits
- Royalty and pope names (e.g. King Charles III, Pope Francis)
- Book chapter and volume numbering